Access control is a security measure that determines who can access specific resources, such as files, folders, or even physical locations. It ensures that only authorized individuals have the ability to view, edit, or delete sensitive information. An example of access control is a password-protected computer system, where users must enter a correct password to gain access.
Access control is crucial for maintaining the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data and systems. It prevents unauthorized access to sensitive information, reduces the risk of data breaches, and ensures that only authorized individuals can make changes to critical systems. Historically, access control has been implemented using physical barriers, such as locks and keys, but in the digital age, it has become increasingly reliant on sophisticated software and encryption technologies.